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اللغة
aa - Afar
aae - Arbëresh
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Acehnese
acf - Saint Lucian Creole
acm - Iraqi Arabic
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
aln - Gheg Albanian
alt - Southern Altai
am - Amharic
ami - Amis
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
ann - Obolo
anp - Angika
apc - Levantine Arabic
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
ban-bali - Balinese (Balinese script)
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bci - Baoulé
bcl - Central Bikol
bdr - West Coast Bajau
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bew - Betawi
bg - Bulgarian
bgc - Haryanvi
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
blk - Pa'O
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
ccp - Chakma
cdo - Mindong
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
chn - Chinook Jargon
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cpx - Puxian
cpx-hans - Puxian (Simplified Han script)
cpx-hant - Puxian (Traditional Han script)
cpx-latn - Puxian (Latin script)
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Tatar
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
crh-ro - Dobrujan Tatar
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
dag - Dagbani
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
dga - Dagaare
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dua - Duala
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
efi - Efik
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - Spanish (formal address)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
fat - Fanti
ff - Fula
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fon - Fon
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gaa - Ga
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified Han script)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional Han script)
gcf - Guadeloupean Creole
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
gld - Nanai
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
gpe - Ghanaian Pidgin
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Alemannic
gu - Gujarati
guc - Wayuu
gur - Frafra
guw - Gun
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
hak-hans - Hakka (Simplified Han script)
hak-hant - Hakka (Traditional Han script)
hak-latn - Hak-kâ-ngî (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ)
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
hno - Northern Hindko
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
hsn - Xiang
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - Hungarian (formal address)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
iba - Iban
ibb - Ibibio
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
igl - Igala
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
isv-cyrl - Interslavic (Cyrillic script)
isv-latn - Interslavic (Latin script)
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kai - Karekare
kbd - Kabardian
kbd-cyrl - Kabardian (Cyrillic script)
kbp - Kabiye
kcg - Tyap
kea - Kabuverdianu
kg - Kongo
kge - Komering
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kjh - Khakas
kjp - Eastern Pwo
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
knc - Central Kanuri
ko - Korean
ko-kp - Korean (North Korea)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachay-Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelian
ks - Kashmiri
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Colognian
ksw - S'gaw Karen
ku - Kurdish
ku-arab - Kurdish (Arabic script)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kus - Kusaal
kv - Komi
kw - Cornish
ky - Kyrgyz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luxembourgish
lbe - Lak
lez - Lezghian
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgish
lij - Ligurian
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lld - Ladin
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Northern Luri
lt - Lithuanian
ltg - Latgalian
lua - Luba-Lulua
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvian
lzh - Literary Chinese
lzz - Laz
mad - Madurese
mag - Magahi
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasy
mh - Marshallese
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Māori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Macedonian
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolian
mnc - Manchu
mnc-latn - Manchu (Latin script)
mnc-mong - Manchu (Mongolian script)
mni - Manipuri
mnw - Mon
mo - Moldovan
mos - Mossi
mr - Marathi
mrh - Mara
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Malay
ms-arab - Malay (Jawi script)
mt - Maltese
mui - Musi
mus - Muscogee
mwl - Mirandese
my - Burmese
myv - Erzya
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nahuatl
nan - Minnan
nan-hant - Minnan (Traditional Han script)
nan-latn-pehoeji - Minnan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
nan-latn-tailo - Minnan (Tâi-lô)
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Norwegian Bokmål
nds - Low German
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
nia - Nias
nit - Southeastern Kolami
niu - Niuean
nl - Dutch
nl-informal - Dutch (informal address)
nmz - Nawdm
nn - Norwegian Nynorsk
no - Norwegian
nod - Northern Thai
nog - Nogai
nov - Novial
nqo - N’Ko
nr - South Ndebele
nrm - Norman
nso - Northern Sotho
nup - Nupe
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nyn - Nyankole
nyo - Nyoro
nys - Nyungar
oc - Occitan
ojb - Northwestern Ojibwa
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Odia
os - Ossetic
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pcm - Nigerian Pidgin
pdc - Pennsylvania German
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polish
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portuguese
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
pwn - Paiwan
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rki - Arakanese
rm - Romansh
rmc - Carpathian Romani
rmy - Vlax Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Romanian
roa-tara - Tarantino
rsk - Pannonian Rusyn
ru - Russian
rue - Rusyn
rup - Aromanian
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rut - Rutul
rw - Kinyarwanda
ryu - Okinawan
sa - Sanskrit
sah - Yakut
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinian
scn - Sicilian
sco - Scots
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Southern Kurdish
se - Northern Sami
se-fi - Northern Sami (Finland)
se-no - Northern Sami (Norway)
se-se - Northern Sami (Sweden)
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sgs - Samogitian
sh - Serbo-Croatian
sh-cyrl - Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic script)
sh-latn - Serbo-Croatian (Latin script)
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tachelhit (Latin script)
shi-tfng - Tachelhit (Tifinagh script)
shn - Shan
shy - Shawiya
shy-latn - Shawiya (Latin script)
si - Sinhala
simple - Simple English
sjd - Kildin Sami
sje - Pite Sami
sk - Slovak
skr - Saraiki
skr-arab - Saraiki (Arabic script)
sl - Slovenian
sli - Lower Silesian
sm - Samoan
sma - Southern Sami
smn - Inari Sami
sms - Skolt Sami
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albanian
sr - Serbian
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
sro - Campidanese Sardinian
ss - Swati
st - Southern Sotho
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - Siberian Tatar
su - Sundanese
sv - Swedish
sw - Swahili
syl - Sylheti
szl - Silesian
szy - Sakizaya
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
tdd - Tai Nuea
te - Telugu
tet - Tetum
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tig - Tigre
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tly-cyrl - Talysh (Cyrillic script)
tn - Tswana
to - Tongan
tok - Toki Pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turkish
tru - Turoyo
trv - Taroko
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
ttj - Tooro
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahitian
tyv - Tuvinian
tzm - Central Atlas Tamazight
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukrainian
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - Uzbek (Cyrillic script)
uz-latn - Uzbek (Latin script)
ve - Venda
vec - Venetian
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnamese
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vmw - Makhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Votic
vro - Võro
wa - Walloon
wal - Wolaytta
war - Waray
wls - Wallisian
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu
wuu-hans - Wu (Simplified Han script)
wuu-hant - Wu (Traditional Han script)
xal - Kalmyk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
xsy - Saisiyat
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
yrl - Nheengatu
yue - Cantonese
yue-hans - Cantonese (Simplified Han script)
yue-hant - Cantonese (Traditional Han script)
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zgh - Standard Moroccan Tamazight
zgh-latn - Standard Moroccan Tamazight (Latin script)
zh - Chinese
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - Simplified Chinese
zh-hant - Traditional Chinese
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - Chinese (Macau)
zh-my - Chinese (Malaysia)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
الصيغة
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<languages /> __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- $Id: ace3_en.html,v 1.1 2004/01/17 15:06:39 rahal Exp $ - Conducted by Sabrine Barakat (July 26, 2003) --> <b>The Basics ...</b> <br> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6"> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Full Name</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">Mohammed Sameer Moustafa</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Age</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">22</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Country of origin</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">Egypt</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Residing in</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">Cairo, Egypt</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Occupation/Studying</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">IT consultant, AZA Group</td> </tr> </table> <p> <b>1. Is there a project or site that you are affiliated with ? If so, how ?</b> <br><br> A: Not actually affiliated with any projects but I try to stay close to [https://www.arabeyes.org/ Arabeyes.org] and the [http://www.linux-egypt.org/ Linux Egypt LUG]. I try to discover any problems related to Arabisation in any distro. </p><p> <b>2. What are your thoughts on Linux and open-source ?</b> <br><br> They're the best things since sliced bread! :) <br><br> Specifically, the freedom to obtain the source code to and modify it to suit your needs. Yes, the developer may have spent the time and effort coming up with it, but the fact that there may - and always will - be something missing (ie. something that can be improved upon) is a great thing. Not to mention that open-source in general is a very good learning medium, and that by working with other developers you'll gain good experience. I can also say that the beta version of some open-source software is equivalent to the stable releases put out by some for-profit technology companies. </p><p> <b>3. What got you interested in Linux and open-source ?</b> <br><br> Mainly two things: security and the open-source approach. In my opinion, GNU/Linux is by default more secure than other operating systems, most of which are crappy. Security should be the main concern for large companies, organizations and individuals, to a degree. And this can't be achieved without open-source technology. Because many users browse the source code, modify it, examine it and experiment with it, it's a continuous learning process. Learn, learn, learn and modify as much as you need. And even if you can't modify the apps you are using, you can still hire someone else to do it for you... </p><p> <b>4. What's your favourite ice-cream flavour ?</b> <br><br> C-flavoured ice-cream :) </p><p> <b>5. What are Linux/open-source's major advantages, as far as you are concerned ?</b> <br><br> As I said earlier, its security, stability and the fact that it's open-source. And GNU/Linux performs better even under extreme conditions. </p><p> <b>6. What irks/displeases you about the open-source movement ?</b> <br><br> Patent issues are really hurting or trying to hurt some open-source software. Some companies, such as Microsoft, are breaking all the standards. What are those guys trying to do? The lack of documentation is also sometimes a concern. Another factor, which is not specific to open-source, is that users don't or don't want to read. Microsoft made idiot-proof computers; if it's not in the 'Start' menu, then it's not wanted. Not here - if you are unwilling to gain basic knowledge about the program, then no one can help you. </p><p> <b>7. How do you see Arabic fitting into the open-source movement ?</b> <br><br> I don't see anything preventing Arabic from fitting in. The new versions of the major GUI toolkits either fully support Arabic or would need some very small modifications to do so. We will need some special applications to meet specific Arabic and Islamic requirements, but these can come at a later stage. We need to do some more work to add Arabic support to some existing apps lacking proper support. There are alternatives available, but we should really focus on the original ones. The Linux console is really a fine solution, but I think we should be able to read and write Arabic anywhere - in the terminal, on the console, in GUI apps...As I said, this can be done easily now with most apps, though some don't support Arabic completely. But we should look at them to see what can be done. The fact that there aren't any Arabic names for the command line tools or for any apps in general is very bad. Imagine what would happen if the same application had Arabic, English, German and French names - what a big traffic jam! The GUI translation can come after that, and then we'll need Arabic documentation... </p><p> <b>8. How have you been involved in Linux/open-source ?</b> <br><br> I don't think that I've done much, as I didn't come up with a creative idea. Katoob, for example, is utilizing the ability of Gtk 2.x to render Arabic and to do mirroring according to the unicode standard. Though I've contributed some small patches to some projects [xchat, gtksourceview, etc], the patches are not that important from my point of view. Mainly I try to work silently, behind the scenes, to do what I can without all the bells and whistles. </p><p> <b>9. How will you become more involved in Linux/open-source ?</b> <br><br> That's a hard question. I don't tend to talk about what I've done or what I'm planning to do so I don't trap myself with something I may not be able to do. But in general, I try to spread the word about GNU/Linux and/or open-source. I think that the best thing to do is to contribute to various software projects and/or help others to contribute. </p><p> <b>10. What would you say your major contributions to Arabic Linux/open-source have been ?</b> <br><br> Nothing in particular. Maybe I can say Katoob, but I want to do something more... ;) </p><p> <b>11. How do you see Linux/open-source fitting into the Arab community ?</b> <br><br> Unfortunately, my position doesn't allow me to see the whole picture. But I don't really see it fitting in right now - maybe some organizations and companies are using it, but they're only a small fraction. It hasn't caught on yet. </p><p> <b>12. What is the ideal path for development and progress in your opinion ?</b> <br><br> To identify your needs and requirements. If something similar is available, then go for it. If there is nothing available but something can be adapted, then use that. If nothing is available, then that depends. If you know you'll be the only one using the final product, then you can write the apps that will suit your needs in particular :) Otherwise, you'll have to consider what the other users are going to do with it - we all like misbehaving with applications, don't we? BTW: I really like the bizarre approach to development. </p><p> <b>13. What areas, in your opinion, need the most work ?</b> <br><br> Fine-tuning and polishing up the remaining glitches in the Arabic support. </p><p> <b>14. What would you like to see happen sooner rather than later ?</b> <br><br> A bit of GNU/Linux or at least open-source spreading here [Arab world] would be really great. </p><p> <b>15. What gets you moving and wanting to contribute ?</b> <br><br> I love to do it - I'm a coder. And the system I'm using is completely free! Many people have put and continue to put a lot of time and effort into building and improving Linux/open-source. I figure that if I can help but don't, then I don't deserve to use it. Also, I feel that everyone has something to contribute, so if I can guide someone - or at least give a bit of advice - then I feel I'm doing something. </p><p> <b>16. What Arabic Linux accomplishments have really excited you ?</b> <br><br> Two things - Pango, the Gtk rendering back end and Arabic vim. I also really like mlterm, though I didn't realize its importance in the beginning. Since I tend to hate emacs, I can say that I wasn't too upset about not being able to merge emacs-bidi with the mainstream version. Though I can't say I'm terribly happy about it either, I do feel that vim is and always has been superior. ;) </p><p> <b>17. What are some of your favourite links/channels ?</b> <br><br> My Mozilla personal bar carries links to the Linux Egypt forum, slashdot.org, freshmeat.net and google.com for sure! I try to spend time on Arabeyes.org when I'm free. </p><p> <b>18. What would you tell others to get them involved in the Linux/open-source movement ?</b> <br><br> I would tell them why GNU/Linux is better, and I would remind them that even if they can't switch to GNU/Linux completely, they can at least use open-source software on their current (crappy) operating systems. Knoppix, the Linux Live CD, is marvelous. I can't count the number of copies I've given out to people so they could see for themselves how good Linux is. </p><p> <b>19. How would you go about expanding Arabic Linux ?</b> <br><br> Breaking down the barriers between developers and users is my dream, but for now, seeing universities pushing GNU/Linux and supporting the Aarabisation movement would be nice. </p><p> <b>20. Where do you see Arabic Linux in five years ?</b> <br><br> By then, hopefully some universities will be supporting GNU/Linux. I don't see any help from governments, at least not here... </p><p> <b>21. Where do you see yourself in five years ?</b> <br><br> I don't know, really, but I'd like to be in a place where I can contribute to the open-source community in general and to GNU/Linux in particular. </p><p> <b>22. Do you have any advice for the Arabic-speaking world regarding Linux and open-source ?</b> <br><br> Just have a little patience. I know that GNU/Linux is not 100% ready for Arabic users, but things are really getting better. I would also like to say that any and all contributions are greatly appreciated and well worth the time and effort. </p>
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