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اللغة
aa - Afar
aae - Arbëresh
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Acehnese
acf - Saint Lucian Creole
acm - Iraqi Arabic
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
aln - Gheg Albanian
alt - Southern Altai
am - Amharic
ami - Amis
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
ann - Obolo
anp - Angika
apc - Levantine Arabic
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
ban-bali - Balinese (Balinese script)
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bci - Baoulé
bcl - Central Bikol
bdr - West Coast Bajau
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bew - Betawi
bg - Bulgarian
bgc - Haryanvi
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
blk - Pa'O
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
ccp - Chakma
cdo - Mindong
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
chn - Chinook Jargon
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cpx - Puxian
cpx-hans - Puxian (Simplified Han script)
cpx-hant - Puxian (Traditional Han script)
cpx-latn - Puxian (Latin script)
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Tatar
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
crh-ro - Dobrujan Tatar
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
dag - Dagbani
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
dga - Dagaare
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dua - Duala
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
efi - Efik
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - Spanish (formal address)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
fat - Fanti
ff - Fula
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fon - Fon
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gaa - Ga
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified Han script)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional Han script)
gcf - Guadeloupean Creole
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
gld - Nanai
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
gpe - Ghanaian Pidgin
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Alemannic
gu - Gujarati
guc - Wayuu
gur - Frafra
guw - Gun
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
hak-hans - Hakka (Simplified Han script)
hak-hant - Hakka (Traditional Han script)
hak-latn - Hak-kâ-ngî (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ)
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
hno - Northern Hindko
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
hsn - Xiang
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - Hungarian (formal address)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
iba - Iban
ibb - Ibibio
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
igl - Igala
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
isv-cyrl - Interslavic (Cyrillic script)
isv-latn - Interslavic (Latin script)
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kai - Karekare
kbd - Kabardian
kbd-cyrl - Kabardian (Cyrillic script)
kbp - Kabiye
kcg - Tyap
kea - Kabuverdianu
kg - Kongo
kge - Komering
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kjh - Khakas
kjp - Eastern Pwo
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
knc - Central Kanuri
ko - Korean
ko-kp - Korean (North Korea)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachay-Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelian
ks - Kashmiri
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Colognian
ksw - S'gaw Karen
ku - Kurdish
ku-arab - Kurdish (Arabic script)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kus - Kusaal
kv - Komi
kw - Cornish
ky - Kyrgyz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luxembourgish
lbe - Lak
lez - Lezghian
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgish
lij - Ligurian
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lld - Ladin
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Northern Luri
lt - Lithuanian
ltg - Latgalian
lua - Luba-Lulua
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvian
lzh - Literary Chinese
lzz - Laz
mad - Madurese
mag - Magahi
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasy
mh - Marshallese
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Māori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Macedonian
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolian
mnc - Manchu
mnc-latn - Manchu (Latin script)
mnc-mong - Manchu (Mongolian script)
mni - Manipuri
mnw - Mon
mo - Moldovan
mos - Mossi
mr - Marathi
mrh - Mara
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Malay
ms-arab - Malay (Jawi script)
mt - Maltese
mui - Musi
mus - Muscogee
mwl - Mirandese
my - Burmese
myv - Erzya
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nahuatl
nan - Minnan
nan-hant - Minnan (Traditional Han script)
nan-latn-pehoeji - Minnan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
nan-latn-tailo - Minnan (Tâi-lô)
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Norwegian Bokmål
nds - Low German
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
nia - Nias
nit - Southeastern Kolami
niu - Niuean
nl - Dutch
nl-informal - Dutch (informal address)
nmz - Nawdm
nn - Norwegian Nynorsk
no - Norwegian
nod - Northern Thai
nog - Nogai
nov - Novial
nqo - N’Ko
nr - South Ndebele
nrm - Norman
nso - Northern Sotho
nup - Nupe
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nyn - Nyankole
nyo - Nyoro
nys - Nyungar
oc - Occitan
ojb - Northwestern Ojibwa
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Odia
os - Ossetic
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pcm - Nigerian Pidgin
pdc - Pennsylvania German
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polish
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portuguese
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
pwn - Paiwan
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rki - Arakanese
rm - Romansh
rmc - Carpathian Romani
rmy - Vlax Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Romanian
roa-tara - Tarantino
rsk - Pannonian Rusyn
ru - Russian
rue - Rusyn
rup - Aromanian
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rut - Rutul
rw - Kinyarwanda
ryu - Okinawan
sa - Sanskrit
sah - Yakut
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinian
scn - Sicilian
sco - Scots
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Southern Kurdish
se - Northern Sami
se-fi - Northern Sami (Finland)
se-no - Northern Sami (Norway)
se-se - Northern Sami (Sweden)
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sgs - Samogitian
sh - Serbo-Croatian
sh-cyrl - Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic script)
sh-latn - Serbo-Croatian (Latin script)
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tachelhit (Latin script)
shi-tfng - Tachelhit (Tifinagh script)
shn - Shan
shy - Shawiya
shy-latn - Shawiya (Latin script)
si - Sinhala
simple - Simple English
sjd - Kildin Sami
sje - Pite Sami
sk - Slovak
skr - Saraiki
skr-arab - Saraiki (Arabic script)
sl - Slovenian
sli - Lower Silesian
sm - Samoan
sma - Southern Sami
smn - Inari Sami
sms - Skolt Sami
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albanian
sr - Serbian
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
sro - Campidanese Sardinian
ss - Swati
st - Southern Sotho
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - Siberian Tatar
su - Sundanese
sv - Swedish
sw - Swahili
syl - Sylheti
szl - Silesian
szy - Sakizaya
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
tdd - Tai Nuea
te - Telugu
tet - Tetum
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tig - Tigre
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tly-cyrl - Talysh (Cyrillic script)
tn - Tswana
to - Tongan
tok - Toki Pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turkish
tru - Turoyo
trv - Taroko
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
ttj - Tooro
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahitian
tyv - Tuvinian
tzm - Central Atlas Tamazight
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukrainian
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - Uzbek (Cyrillic script)
uz-latn - Uzbek (Latin script)
ve - Venda
vec - Venetian
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnamese
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vmw - Makhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Votic
vro - Võro
wa - Walloon
wal - Wolaytta
war - Waray
wls - Wallisian
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu
wuu-hans - Wu (Simplified Han script)
wuu-hant - Wu (Traditional Han script)
xal - Kalmyk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
xsy - Saisiyat
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
yrl - Nheengatu
yue - Cantonese
yue-hans - Cantonese (Simplified Han script)
yue-hant - Cantonese (Traditional Han script)
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zgh - Standard Moroccan Tamazight
zgh-latn - Standard Moroccan Tamazight (Latin script)
zh - Chinese
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - Simplified Chinese
zh-hant - Traditional Chinese
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - Chinese (Macau)
zh-my - Chinese (Malaysia)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
الصيغة
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<languages /> __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- $Id: ace7_en.html,v 1.1 2004/10/11 23:20:00 nadim Exp $ - Conducted by Nadim Shaikli (Sept 29, 2004) --> <b>The Basics ...</b> <br> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6"> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Full Name</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">Christian Perrier</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Age</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">43</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Country of origin</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">France</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Residing in</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">Paris, France</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Occupation/Studying</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3">Desktop Systems designer, Free software system engineer</td> </tr> </table> <p> <b> 1. Is there a project or site that you are affiliated with ? If so, how ? </b> <br><br> I am a member of the Debian Project since 2001. I started to work inside the project after having used Debian systems since about 1997. <br><br> I began working in Debian by packaging a few genealogical applications I was already using on my systems. <br><br> Quite soon, and mostly because I'm not what could be called a "deep hacker", I began working on internationalisation and localisation issues. I became an active member of the French translation team in late 2002 and I'm still deeply involved in it. <br><br> During year 2003, I began working on the French l10n of the Debian Installer (D-I) software which was under heavy development. Within a few month, I became the de facto general coordinator of internationalisation work on D-I. </p><p> <b> 2. What is one thing that most people don't know about you (hobby, pet-peeve, abilities, etc) ? </b> <br><br> There are a lot of things people don't know..:-). I usually present myself as a non standard geek. The most difficult is often conciliation between my enthusiasm for free software and a tendency to always do more....and my family life (that is, my wife and my three grown up kids). <br><br> I should also mention that my daily work currently involves more knowledge in proprietary operating systems than free software... I probably could be MCSE but I certainly will never be..:-) </p><p> <b> 3. What are your thoughts on Linux and open-source ? </b> <br><br> Since the very early days I discovered free software (which bring me back to very early Linux releases), I consider that free software is the future of computing. <br><br> Daily practice with proprietary software and MCSE-like expertise on Microsoft(TM) operating systems are never proven me wrong on that point. <br><br> I tend to avoid the wording "open source", by the way, for about the same reasons R. Stallman often mentions in his talks/writings. <br><br> In my opinion, free software is the most efficient way to open as much people as possible to computing and using computers. <br><br> This is for sure the main reason of my involvment in free software i18n. Being originated in a country with a strong feeling of language and cultural identity, I try to make by best for opening the world of free software all around the world and break the English language barrier. </p><p> <b> 4. What got you interested in Linux and open-source ? </b> <br><br> A friend named René Cougnenc. René is for sure nearly the very first Linux user in France, one of the earlier Linux and free software contributor and certainly the one who revealed me what "free" indeed means. <br><br> I always take any occasion for mentioning René, who unfortunately passed in 1998. I'm always proud of having been his friend. <br><br> Later, I began introducing free software and Linux systems in our computing environment at work (I work for a french public research organization). For instance, our current file sharing network is made by several Linux/Samba file servers since 1998. </p><p> <b> 5. What are Linux/open-source's major advantages, as far as you are concerned ? </b> <br><br> Openess. Anyone can contribute to any free software project with his/her own abilities. <br><br> I also consider that using free software open minds. I have very rarely encountered closed mind attitudes in the free software movement, even though very strong personalities are involved. Free software may have the opportunity to bring us a better world. </p><p> <b> 6. What irks/displeases you about the open-source movement ? </b> <br><br> Most often requiring me too much time and involvment, but I guess this is more the consequence of my own enthusiasm... <br><br> More seriously, I'm easily irritated by some hype currently flying over "open source". Being opened is not enough : the freeness of use is another key point. I often tend to think that the directions driven by the major Linux distributions companies is not always the best thing happening to the Linux community. </p><p> <b> 7. How do you see Arabic fitting into the open-source movement ? </b> <br><br> Just like any other of the major world cultural communities. The Arabic-speaking community in the world has a strong influence in several parts of the world, so free software environments have to reach the community for total World Domination. <br><br> In the current days where cultures are often opposed one against another, I also think that free software communities have some power for changing minds. <br><br> The politics is never far when dealing with these concepts and I often tend to disagree with people who think that free software communities should have nothing to do with politics. By working for a wider distribution of free software, we are indeed doing politics. When I help a USA native finishing the work on Bidi support in Debian, started by an Israel developer...and making all this support the Arabic language, I'm doing politics by showing that free software makes this possible. Just like I'm doing politics when trying to find a translator for the real second language in Algeria (tamazight). </p><p> <b> 8. How have you been involved in Linux/open-source ? </b> <br><br> Mostly because of all the reasons I have tried to mention above. </p><p> <b> 9. How will you become more involved in Linux/open-source ? </b> <br><br> Don't ever tell this to my wife...:-). Seriously speaking, by reaching one of my long term goals at work : spreading out free software-based desktop systems all around my french governmental research agency.... </p><p> <b> 10. What would you say your major contributions to Arabic Linux/open-source have been ? </b> <br><br> At the moment, only one : make my best for making possible the very first Linux distribution installation system with an Arabic translation. Though I was technically incompetent for reaching this, I have put the needed glue for having the needed people working on the needed parts. </p><p> <b> 11. How do you see Linux/open-source fitting into the Arab community ? </b> <br><br> The same way it fits into other communities. A major challenge for open-source environments now is convincing decisional people that free software may be a credible solution for infrastructures and end-users systems. <br><br> The Arab community is one of the most important communities for this : one cannot imagine that free software may be deployed widely in Arabic-speaking countries if these free softwares do not have support for the Arabic language. <br><br> Arabic language support is also often the opening key for the support of several other families of languages, because it requires specific handling which may be re-used elsewhere. </p><p> <b> 12. What is the ideal path for development and progress in your opinion ? </b> <br><br> Well, what we did and continue to do with the Debian Installer is an interesting path... We translate the installation part of an operating system while it is obvious that most system engineers indeed use English for such tasks... <br><br> This is a kind of political sign : by doing this, we show each community (in that case, the Arab community) that we care about it...and, thus, we hope to get more people from this community involved in the project. </p><p> <b> 13. What areas, in your opinion, need the most work ? </b> <br><br> Probably, now, get more translators involved. A lot of work has been done on specific developments for Arabic (BiDi/shaping support) in several software, so the path is quite well paved now. <br><br> More and more manpower will be needed for the obscure part of translating /reviewing/putting everything together... </p><p> <b> 14. What would you like to see happen sooner rather than later ? </b> <br><br> A full Debian-based Arabic Linux system..:-). I don't trust commercial entities for caring about anything else than market share. So, even though Redhat/Madrake/SuSe/others will probably have, some day, a full Linux distribution supporting Arabic, I won't consider it as a major progress because it will have happened just because there's an important market share to reach. </p><p> <b> 15. What gets you moving and wanting to contribute ? </b> <br><br> Enthusiasm only...and the strong feeling that we can build a better world. Not only with free software...but we can contribute to it. </p><p> <b> 16. What Arabic Linux accomplishments have really excited you ? </b> <br><br> Seeing the very first Debian Installer screen with properly right-to-left Arabic...even though I'm completely unable to read it.. </p><p> <b> 17. What are some of your favourite links/channels ? </b> <br><br> #debian-boot is enough for me... </p><p> <b> 18. What would you tell others to get them involved in the Linux/open-source movement ? </b> <br><br> Just stop believing that one must be a genius hacker for contributing. Everyone can bring his/her own stone to the building, even the smallest one. </p><p> <b> 19. How would you go about expanding Arabic Linux in general ? </b> <br><br> Probably by making possible to translate new parts of the systems (and why not, some day, a Linux kernel with Arabic messages at boot ?) </p><p> <b> 20. Where do you see Arabic Linux in five years ? </b> <br><br> I want to see it in every school in Arabic-speaking countries. </p><p> <b> 21. Where do you see yourself in five years ? </b> <br><br> I hope I will be a Free Desktop Systems designer...or maybe I will be chasing around a cherokee, inuit or klingon translator for our Debian Installer, trying to fill in the last 1% gap we will lack for covering the whole world population. </p><p> <b> 22. Do you have any advice for the Arabic-speaking world regarding Linux and open-source ? </b> <br><br> Keep in opened and keep it free. The biggest challenge the free software movement will face in the next years will be keeping free software free before being only "open source". </p>
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المزيد
ترجم
نسخة للطباعة